I have two thoughts:
1) Are you seeing noise, or low-luminance backscatter, exposed by bringing up the brightness? If it is backscatter, then check your strobe position, or avoid the plankton in the water!
2) Are you looking at the images in "Bridge", where the browser seems to use a low-definition jpeg embedded in the file, which often looks terrible? Opening a PDF, TIFF or full-size jpeg should then look much less noisy.
I have found that playing with the "shadow/highlights" adjustment is sometimes very useful in optimising the dynamic range and avoiding problems of mismatched shadow and highlight luminance.
Tim
B)