So it turns out you were all right...the camera, no matter what flash setting it is on, emits an imperceptible pre-flash. When I got the strobe, the manual said the test (taking a photo with flash of the strobe to make it go off) should simply make the strobe activate. In reality, when it is set correctly (preflash on), the strobe literally blinds the camera and gives a completely washed out image every time.
Oh summer, you can't come soon enough!
To confirm, according to the HeinrichsWeikamp web site, the SD 550, listed by it's European name as the IXUS 750, emits a single preflash.
Even though the SD 550 lists "manual mode" as one of its many shooting mode options, if fact there is no way to specifically, overtly control either aperture or shutter speed independently on this basic camera. There may be however a possible workaround. I have not tested this theory personally because I don't own the camera. But it may be possible to run a quick series of tests to confirm or deny. According to the dpreview.com web site, here is a list of shooting mode options available to the SD 550 user:
• Auto
• Manual
• Digital Macro
• Portrait
• Foliage
• Snow
• Beach
• Fireworks
• Underwater
• Indoor
• Kids and pets
• Night snapshot
• Stitch assist
• AE compensation -2.0EV to +2.0 EV in 1/3EV steps
As I stated, I have not tested this theory.........but I wonder if the above shooting mode options fix a permanent aperture/shutter combination for each mode regardless of ambient light conditions. If so, and with a little research and an EXIF program (it appears you have access to EXIF info), it may be possible to choose a desired aperture in this manner. Knowing the aperture setting in advance will be important in choosing the correct, corresponding intensity level on the external, manually controlled strobe.
For instance, snow or beach (bright environments) may choose an aperture of f/5.6 or f/8 whereas the Canon techs may have set f/2.8 for their "indoor" shooting mode. I assume "kids and pets" may require a faster shutter speed default than say portrait.
And then there's the "underwater" mode............... 
hth,
b