I have been using Aperture for a year and a half now. First with my 20D's, now added a 40D.
I don't shoot both RAW and JPEG. I shoot RAW only.
I do have Aperture set to build full size previews. The previews are nice because you can look through your photos in Preview mode and it is very fast. I chose full size (which is not the default BTW), so that I can still use preview mode to check for sharpness when doing the first cull of my shots. Although it does take time to build the previews, once you start working with them things are very quick. When you want to make adjustments, you can switch out of preview mode and make the adjustments. Aperture will immediately build an updated preview in the background.
I just snooped in my Aperture library for an example. The 40D RAW file is 13.2 MB. The JPEG Preview is 1.1 MB. The JPEG thumbnail is 16 KB. So, the full size preview does add about 1 MB to the file storage. Basically, the preview is the JPEG part of the RAW + JPEG, it is just generated by Aperture instead of by the camera.
Another reason for previews is if you want to share your photos with other iApps. It is also faster for slideshows.