I think this is the kind of pixel peeping that is interesting in engineering but not really relevant to photography. Certainly FX sensors will get better over time but the advantages to underwater photography over film are tremendous. The small issues with film vs digital quality are miniscule. You don't really care what is going on in the extreme corners. Your subject shouldn't be there. In fact you often want the corners out of focus to draw your eye toward what is really important. The corners will have slight vigenetting and dome ports will likely add distortion there anyway. I doubt any of this will be detectible anyway in the real world and if it is its likely as much an advantage as a disadvantage anyway.
I don't want to go back to the stone age. Digital capture allows me the tools to get what I really want in the frame, w hich is what really matters.
--Shoot hundereds of shots on a single dive
--Instant preview to review and adjust: composition, lighting, exposure settings, focus
--Live Preview for composing in awkward angles--this IS important UW
--Very high ISO capability to handle low light WAY better than film. (That's the advantage of FX)
--Better selection of fast WA lenses for low-light shooting (another advantage of FX)
--Easier and more powerful manipulation of images to fine tune technical issues than film through RAW processing
--EXIF data to help you learn
Have you ever shot an entire roll of garbage shots on film. There's nothing more frustrating than that when trying to learn.
Leave the technical issues up to the engineers, or join in onthe discussion for the fun of it. But don't base photographic decisions on this kind of minutia. If you can afford FX and the lenses to go with it then go for it, I'm sure you won't be dissappointed in the results. If not then DX will serve you very very well I'm sure you won't be dissapointed either. Just look at all the stuff Alex Mustard published on his D70!