Hi,
I guess I can certainly point out what won't work!
Green water magic will help with the viz, but they will lose you about a stop of light. Given that I imagine the dolphins will be moving quite fast, this will probably make it difficult to get a fast enough shutter speed.
Magic filters will not work with strobes, and the strobes will probably cause difficulties with backscatter, and it may be difficult to light fast moving subjects in poor visibility.
Whilst the high ISO capabilities of the D700 will be very desirable, it will not work well with either the 10-17mm (my choice) or nikkor 10.5. As a full frame sensor, I would investigate 15mm (I believe Nikon and Sigma do them) fisheyes for it. The D300 will work well with the 10-17mm however, you will lose the high ISO!
I think my choice would be for a D700 or equivalent, a 15mm lens and if you can get enough light, a Green Magic filter. You will need to boost the ISO quite high. I don't think that if the conditions are that murky, that adding strobes will help a great deal! Some would contend that the Canon EOS 7D would be a better choice and this would give the option of the 10-17mm and HD video(!)
I'd be very interested to see how things work out!
Adam