Strictly speaking a gobo is any device used to modify the shape of the light. Heres a Wikipedia description:
'A gobo (or GOBO) derived from "Go Between" or GOes Before Optics -originally used on film sets between a light source and the set is a physical template slotted inside, or placed in front of, a lighting source, used to control the shape of emitted light.
In the design of an artificial environment in which lighting instruments are used, it is sometimes desirable to manipulate the shape of the light which is cast over a space or object. To do so, a piece of material with patterned holes through which light passes is placed in the beam of light to allow only the desired "shape" or pattern through, while blocking the rest of the light, casting a specific shadow/light into the space.
Though the term "gobo" has come to generally refer to any device which produces patterns of light and shadow or various pieces of equipment that go before a light (such as a gobo arm or gobo head)[1], the specific term itself also defines the device used in theatrical lighting applications because of the mandated placement of the device in 'the gate' or 'point of focus' between the light source and the lenses (or optics). This placement is important because it allows the focusing of the pattern or shape into a crisp, sharp edge (for logos, fine detail, architecture, etc.) and also the softening the edges (breakup patterns, etc.). On film sets gobos, also known as Flags and "cookies" which are placed in the beam of light post-optics do not have the option of such fine focus.'
Seems to me it's really a more general term that could describe a number of different devices ranging from a flag to a pattern generating device, or even a less restricted snoot type device, and how it's used does seem to be related to where it's used, on a movie set, theatre or in a studio with strobes. In a studio with strobes, in the books I have, gobo and flag appear to be used interchangeably, and then there are also scrims which diminish light without complete obstruction with semi-transparent flag type devices.
If one is trying to direct light without actually restricting the amount of light, possibly the use of a device like a 'grid' would be more effective. A grid could be made with say half inch length soda straws packed together, as it's described here http://www.pixalo.com/community/tutorials-...00-a-30807.html