I will cast my vote for ULCS. I have seen far more Nauticam Housings with ULCS Arms than I have with Nauticam Arms.
I have a set of ULCS arms and clamps that are at least 150 dives old now. They work just like new.
So to answer the first question - ULCS all the way IMO. Aquatica also has some nice arms, but do avoid arms made by housing manufacturers in general.
To answer the second one - YES, all 1" ball mount arms/clamps/bases are interchangeable/standardized. I know several people with Nauticam/ULCS set-ups (and as of a few days ago, myself included).
It sounds like you want some buoyancy arms as well. I actually have a pair of 2"x12" ULCS float arms I would sell you, but I think you would be more happy with the ULCS ladder frame arms and the "stix" jumbo floats (can't remember exactly how they spell "stix"). These floats are an add of and are made out of foam. This is great because with my DSLR in the past I would use 8 floats, but with my compact I would only use 4 which made it easy to change the arms between the two rigs. Also, now that I have just got a new rig I can adjust the old arms to perfectly fit the new rig without having to buy new arms.