I agree with James that the issue here is blurry corners, not vignetting. For u/w shooting, the problem is often caused by an incorrectly shaped dome or, probably more often, if the nodal point of the lens is not correctly positioned with respect to the dome.
When I used to shoot with a film housing, I shot wide angle with a prime 20 mm lens and the Subal small dome. All my images had significant corner (and edge!) blur. It wasn't a problem shooting a subject in open water, but iI had to crop if there was any significant detail in the corners or the edges.
Shooting the 12-24 DX with the larger Subal dome (and a 50 mm extension ring), I haven't had this problem at all at any zoom power. The lens per se probably isn't the issue - both the Nikon 20 mm prime lens and the 12-24 DX have excellent edge-to-edge sharpness. There is also the 1.5x built in crop factor on the 12-24 (relative to another lens used with full-frame SLR with the same dome).
P.S. [quick edit after seeing Dave's post above]: The 12-24 DX is not only an IF (internal focusing) lens, but the movement of the lens when zooming is minimal. Interestingly, when zooming in from 24 to 12, the forwardmost lens element initially moves back slightly, then moves forward again as the zoom power approaches the shortest focal length. In any case, the change in position is very small. It this lens is properly matched to a dome port with the right extension ring, he shouldn't have any trouble with corner or edge softness with the 12-24 DX lens at any zoom power.