I have just been involved in judging the Golden Turtle wildlife photography contest, which has an underwater category, but had entries in some of the other categories that were underwater.
I think that it can be quite tough as categories like animal portraits typically have a lot of entries...which makes for stiff competition.
Similarly, the UN World Oceans Day contest (for which the results will be announced on Monday) took a much broader view of entries than most underwater specific competitions.
Ultimately, any image will stand or fall on its merits and whether it appeals to the judging panel in any competition. A stunning underwater image will do well in any contest. What we cannot rely on is the judges having any idea how difficult it was to shoot, how rare the subject is...all the subjective underwater specific stuff that other underwater image makers are aware of!