Hi Tom,
First of all set the camera to Manual. So that you can adjust the aperture and shutter and the camera isn't doing anything for you.
I don't know the flash synch speed of the Canon. But I would start off at the fastest flash synch setting - which I have just looked up and it is 1/250th. Then set the aperture at f16. And flash on 1/2 power. For close ups, I would place your single strobe a few inches above the port, parallel to it and pointing forward and perhaps aimed slightly down. Then get as close to your subject as you can and zap. For camera to subjects distances of about 1 foot (30cm) I would have the strobe a couple of inches above the port. For camera to subject distances longer than this I would increase the gap between the strobe and the port to reduce backscatter. If you get close to the subject you will not get backscatter.

This is not a perfect picture but it gives you an idea of what I mean.
Then using the LCD screen (+ histo if you want) just increase or reduce either the aperture or the flash power until you get the correct exposure. You will probably find you will be pretty close straight away.
Once you are on top of it, you may want to get creative and add blue/green backgrounds to your images try slowing down the shutter speed. To let the available light also come into your images.
The only other advice I'd add is to make your first dive with your housing empty -0 save some lead to weigh it down. Just so you can check that it is not leaking and you have closed it and attached the ports and synch cable correctly. To state the obvious, you don;t want to flood your 1DS as the result of a beginners mistake.
Alex
I agree with James that the currents in the NE of the island are pretty fruity. But most of the west side of the island is quiter - although not as good diving - it might make a good place to get to grips with your camera/