I must admit that I never really got the results I thought that the 17~35 should have delivered when I used it with film, but "..... D3 and 18mm may eliminate some of the corner angst we've all been suffering. Sounds like a potentially very powerful tool set ....." has as Steve says, a lot of potential. That said the lens was designed for film and exceeds 90 degrees field of view so the corners are unlikely to be perfect even with accurate dome placement and appropriate diopter.
I notice that reading Nikon's .pdf about the 14~24 a lot is made about the aspheric elements and high correction of lens aberrations but I wouldn't mind betting that it has some degree of distortion though this, fortunately, isn't so worrying for underwater use. I suspect that its performance will mirror Canon's 16~35II in that it will be an incremental improvement but this may simply not show up underwater except for the cetral section of the image.
So to get back to the question asked, the choice is between a not quite so wide, older design zoom primarily produced for film versus a 'state-of-the-art' wider zoom designed for digital. For underwater use anything wider than ~20mm on FF will exhibit varying degrees of softness and aberrations in the corners regardless of its design (using large ports accurately placed together with an appropriate diopter will minimise but not cure this), so you will end up with a ~20~24 or a ~20~35 lens for 'quality work' and wider focal lengths at which corner quality drops away depending on subject matter (blue water corners aren't affected!). It really depends on viability of each for your sort of underwater photography, ability to fit in housing and of course your wallet. For above water the 14~24 sounds very useful indeed but as I'd see it being used for interiors I'd need to find out exactly what its distortion characteristics are.