1A: Yeah, small dome let's you get closer; and the small size of the dome allows you to really tuck your strobes in to light the scene - which is more difficult to do with a 6" dome or larger.
1B: if you add a 1.4 TC ( which is the usual thing to do) you will need an extension ring (EXR) between the 4" dome (or any other dome) and the housing. The additional length of the TC has to be factored in to the lens/dome distance as much for sheer length of the setup as focussing on the dome.
2. Yep!
3. Yep!
I have shot with a 6" CFWA but my answer to your 1A is the case: it's much harder to light well. Is the difference dramatic? That's really hard to answer. Are you a perfectionist?!?? Would it really matter to you if the image isn't light as well as it could be? Maybe not now, but later?
As with all things, it's a compromise - you could have then one largish port (say, 6") which will do under/overs ok (not as good as 8"+); and can do CFWA but not as good as a 4". Or you could buy a 4", great CFWA, crappy under/overs. Or an 8/9", great over/unders, lousy CFWA.
Or you could take up chess: one set and a board and you've cracked it 
If you travel a lot, cost is an issue, you're going to go with the Tokina 10-17 and you're not that bothered about over/unders, then maybe the 4" dome is the answer...... But honestly, this is such a tough decision. I keep changing my mind all the time on what I REALLY need. Hey, cut your loses, delight your bank manager, get a 4", 6" and 9". You can't then go wrong: under/overs, CFWA, blah blah..... you'll be broke. But hopefully happy. And you'll be as crazy as many of us on this site 
I'm not sure that really helps, sinetwo but It's just a constant dilemma.
If we had all the money in the world, including for travel and transport costs, we'd have 'em all.......