I think a large percentage of TTL shots underwater require some compensation for a proper exposure.
I don't fully agree, if your strobes are positioned correctly it will work every time and can be used in conjunction with aperture & shutter controls and ISO.
Maybe not every time. For some shots under some conditions, getting strobes "positioned correctly" can be difficult or impossible without compensation. For example, CFWA in low ambient light conditions requiring large apertures. Positioning poweful strobes behind the plane of the camera can solve this problem for a wide-angle scenic of a relatively close larger subject (say, a sea fan), but not for a smaller, closer main subject close to the dome (say, a frogish or leaf scorpionfish), where the strobe light will be be blocked by the housing itself, as well as the shooter's head and body.
Positioning the strobes so that the CF subject can be properly illuminated can result in over-exposure at wide apertures if the subject-strobe distance is to close and the TTL circuitry cannot shut the strobes down fast enough to ensure a correct exposure.
Obviously this problem can also be solved by using smaller, less powerful strobes, but many of us want to be able to shoot CFWA subjects without necesarily having to change the standard wide-angle equipment configuation.
For me, with both my digital and film rigs, -0.5 flash compensation seems to work
best in most situations with Ikelite SS-200s positioned conventionally, positioned on 24" arms and aimed forward, at least up to f/8. At tighter apertures, and of course for almost any macro shots, the TTL circuitry can shut down the strobes fast enough without negative flash compensation. With my back-up strobes (Sea & Sea 90 DX) similarly positioned, no negative flash compensation is ever required.
Robert Delfs