Hong Kong looks great at night eh, but you sure looked pale!
This was my point exactly regarding blowing out the foreground, especially in AP. Without knowing your settings it's difficult to comment further. What flash were you using?
The second shot yes, TTL would have worked without compensation as the reflected light would have been enough with subject so close to the focal plane. I have the same shot (not surprisingly) but away at a magazine and unscanned; taken with TTL.
Both f. stop and strobe positioning would be important creatively, but my preset f.22 and strobe positioning covers most macro situations and is relatively unchallanging, leaving the tired remnants of my brain to juggle with composition.
Using a dedicated gun is generally more flexible allowing smaller apertures to be used. Certain program modes offer good alternatives too. My little Oly C-100 has a night shot mode which would have sorted the first shot out automatically! One of the programmable flash options on my Dynax 9's will do the same job, not sure if that is available on the DR?
Compensating by reducing output is no longer TTL as such, as it becomes flash fill which has to be balanced. I'm so used to doing these things in my head automatically, I've forgotten how to offer a practical explanation!
Example TTL shot (Nikonos V with single YS120)
f.11 @ 1/90 using 100 ASA Agfa conveyor chip.